What is behavioural addiction?
For a long period of time the term “addiction” was conceptualised in relation to substance use disorders (alcohol, cannabis, opioids etc). A recent growing understanding and interest in application of this term to other conditions has led to development of “behavioural addictions” which includes gambling disorder, problematic internet use and gaming, porn addiction, binge eating, excessive physical activity, compulsive buying, and compulsive sexual activity.
Characteristics of behavioural addiction
Behavioural addictions are characterised by preoccupation/craving with the behaviour, reduced control over engagement of behaviour, unsuccessful attempts to stop/reduce the behaviour, loss of interest in other pleasurable activities in life, continued use despite harm/negative consequences of the behaviour, lying or hiding about the extent of the problem, adverse psychosocial consequences related to the behaviour. Symptoms like tolerance and withdrawal-like symptoms may also be seen. Most of the individuals explain their addictive behaviours to be a consequence of stress or that it helps in reliving anxiety, guilt or any other negative emotions.
Some warning signs which may indicate behavioural addiction are secretive behaviour, changes in biological rhythms (sleeping and eating patterns), isolation from friends and family, unusual mood fluctuations, preoccupation with money or money related issues.
Underlying or comorbid depression, anxiety, OCD may be found in some cases. It has also been seen that individuals with substance use disorder have higher prevalence of behavioural addictions. In some individuals addictive behaviours can be visualised as unhealthy coping mechanisms which eventually leads to feeling of isolation, loneliness and shame.
Risk factors which are associated with behavioural addiction are physical and mental health issues involving cardiac problems, weight gain or loss, depression, anxiety, low self esteem, social consequences like serious relationship problems (marital conflicts), financial loses and theft, impaired functioning at work, poor academic performance, lack of physical exercise.
As most of these behaviours are socio-culturally acceptable, it becomes difficult for the families to understand and draw a line between normal and abnormal behaviour. It is important to understand that any behaviour leading to impairment in quality of life and socio occupational decline should be addressed and may need professional help.
Treatment
Treatment involves medications and psychotherapy. Medications may involve some mood stabilisers, anticraving agents and antidepressants. Psychotherapy has better evidence than medications. CBT or behavioural therapies have shown improved outcomes and reduced treatment attrition. Motivational interviewing was associated with significant reduction in frequency of gambling frequency and expenditure. 12 step program which teaches the person how to cope with difficult emotions and ways of healthy living. Dr. Gorav Gupta is one of the best psychiatrists in Gurgaon for treatment of addiction disorders. Connect with us at +91-8800000255.
